A clean room requires higher building standards than many other buildings. Building materials used for clean rooms are different from those used for other construction projects.
Design of clean rooms should take into account the following:
- Clean rooms should be designed to be leak proof
- The inside surface should be smooth and suitable for cleaning
- The inner surface should be sufficiently rigid to withstand the chips or powder in the event of impact or abrasion
- Some process chemicals, cleaning and disinfecting agents, water may damage or penetrate the normal trim
- Electro dissipating building materials are required in clean rooms
- Minimum degassing building materials are needed in some clean rooms
The construction of each clean room requires a tailor-made solution based on product requirements.
What are Clean Rooms and Clean Zones?
A clean room is a controlled environment in which pollutants such as dust, airborne microbes and aerosol particles are filtered to provide the clearest possible area. Most of these facilities are used for the manufacture of electronics, food and pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and medical equipment, as well as for various types of examinations, manipulations and surgical interventions in the medical sphere.
Cleanrooms can be divided into different pollution levels for the number of particles allowed per cubic meter in a room. Cleanrooms also control temperature, humidity and airflow.
There are two types of cleanrooms and they differ in airflow.
- Non-unidirectional airflow
«Turbulently ventilated» room receives clean filtered air through high-efficiency air filters in the ceiling. The fresh air mixes with the indoor air and removes airborne pollution caused by humans and machinery. This process is carried out by exhaust vents located in the lower part of the wall.
- Unidirectional airflow
Cleanrooms with unidirectional airflow use much more air than the first ones. High-efficiency filters are installed throughout the ceiling to ventilate clean rooms.
The air moves in one direction at a speed of 0.3 to 0.5 m/s. Then the air comes out through the floor, removing the air pollution from the room. For a room with a width of less than 4-6 meters, the air extraction can be arranged on the side of the walls.
Classification of Cleanrooms
The air in cleanrooms is the criterion for determining class. The basis of standards for clean spaces is a micrometer, abbreviated micron. The number of permitted particles of 0.5 microns determines the class of clean room.
Classes 1 and 10 are used in the manufacture of electronics, such as integrated circuits. The class of purity of pharmaceutical premises 100 is used in the manufacture of medical implants and in photo laboratories. Class 10,000 is used in hospital operating rooms and television tubes. Finally, class 100,000 is used in the production of ball bearings.
Clean Zone in the Clean Room
According to ISO 14644, a clean zone is a defined area in which the quantitative concentration of airborne particles is controlled and classified, and which is designed and operated in this way to control the intake, formation and retention of contaminants inside the room.
A clean zone may be defined as a fixed space in a clean room, or it may be organized as a mobile option with the possibility of movement inside the room.
Each clean zone includes:
- Lighting system
- Ultraviolet treatment system
- Filtration modules
- Fencing structures or guiding elements
Clean zone may additionally be equipped with an air quality monitoring system as in cleanrooms.
Advantages of Clean Zones
- Are used both in a specialized clean room and in a normal room;
- Can be accommodated in almost any room due to compact dimensions (modular type prefabricated and dismantled construction);
- Are more economical than cleanrooms, while maintaining full compliance with clean air standards.
Design and engineering company V-GRAND is expert, and has extensive experience in the field of design of clean zones and cleanrooms for pharmaceutical, medical and food production as well as various kinds of laboratories.
Whether you want to build a clean room for nanotechnology research laboratory or protect valuable equipment or processes, highly qualified specialists V-GRAND will develop the a clean room design that takes into account all international standards and the needs of your business.
Advantages of Cooperation with the Company V-GRAND
- Systemic approach and compliance with all international standards
- Integrated design of clean rooms and zones of any complexity
- We work with BIM and understand how the technology influences the result and further functioning of the projects
Our experience is at your disposal. Together we plan your project, from draft to detailed design and implementation. For more information and details about your project, as well as order the design of clean premises, you can write to us by email or call us.